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Governments in many nations responded to these upheavals with public spending programmes on vaccines and medical equipment, and financial support for businesses and workers during lockdowns and public safety mandates. Taking a visual approach to borders, through the photographic self-representations of the study's participants, Biglin finds that legal status and a sense of belonging, being at home in one's space, do not correspond. BRETT NICHOLLS is Head of Media, Film and Communication at the University of Otago in New Zealand.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted lives around the world. For Asian Americans, the disruptions due to illness, as well as isolation and economic insecurity, have been compounded by the rise in anti-Asian racism. In response, the Asian American Journal of Psychology has curated a special issue on Asian America and the COVID-19 Pandemic, spread over two issues. Part I showcased a collection of articles that described the impact of the pandemic and the rise in anti-Asian violence on Asian Americans, guiding readers through the protective factors that helped attenuate the negative impact of the pandemic. In this Part II of the special issue, we bring together a collection of articles that focus on the experiences of Asian Americans during the pandemic. The first set of articles explores the differences in impact when anti-Asian racism is experienced in myriad ways (direct, vicarious, etc.). The second set of articles investigates the impact of anti-Asian violence on the identity development of Asian Americans, from identity exploration to the types of ethnic-racial socialization practiced by the parents. The last set of articles provides not only a review of the research on supporting the mental health of Asian Americans but also provides guidelines for practitioners and nonpractitioners moving forward. Taken together, these articles bring together a wide range of articles that explore the lasting impact of the pandemic but also offer glimpses of what the future might hold for Asian American mental health and racial-ethnic identity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the public significance of this article?-Asian Americans have had to struggle with not just the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but also contend with the rise in anti-Asian racism. The special issue on Asian America and the COVID-19 Pandemic spotlights the impact of these struggles. This article provides a summary and introduction to Part II of this special double issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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This study explores young Asian American children's emerging ideas of racial identity and experiences of racism through multimodal representations during the COVID-19 Pandemic. To explore children's identity and understanding of racial experience, we used Suda (수다) with children, which refers to deeply engaged conversations and often involves participants' emotions. Adopting autoethnography, we used multiple data sources, including documentation of children's conversations with family relating to their identity and experiences of racism and a collection of children's artifacts. Findings showed that our children explored their racial identity in various aspects surrounding them, ranging from their body, classroom materials, and passports to their family origins. Suda provided the space for our children to freely explore their racial identities and experiences of Asian racism/Hate Crime. [ FROM AUTHOR]
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The purpose of our scholarly personal narrative was to examine how COVID‐19 and an increased awareness of anti‐Blackness in the United States have exacerbated our labor as Black women faculty, with particular focus on teaching and service responsibilities. Dill and Zambrana's (2009) four theoretical interventions of intersectionality guided our study, and we situated our composite narratives within structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal power domains. Our four composite narratives included (1) Interest convergence, there is no real true investment in change;(2) Institutional intent versus impact, I don't know how it will be incorporated;(3) Perpetuation of Black women's labor, just because it don't look heavy, don't mean it ain't;and (4) Reclaiming my time, and it's not because I don't like them, but it's because I love me. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
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Background: Incidence of cancer is constantly increasing in the United States, and Puerto Rico is no exception. The island is currently experiencing low birth rates, signifying that its population is primarily composed of aging citizens that experience a growing need for access to healthcare and medical literature, especially in those with cancer. In this study, we aimed to characterize an aging Puerto Rican cohort with a diagnosis of cancer. Method(s): A questionnaire with sociodemographic and medical inquiries was administered to participants receiving an mRNA vaccine at a COVID-19 vaccination clinic between December 2020 and June 2021. Participants of age 60+ with a diagnosis of cancer, along with their comorbidities, were identified. Multivariate analyses were executed. This study is IRB approved. Result(s): A total of 100 aging participants with a diagnosis of cancer were included: 55 were female and 45 were male, with a mean age of 72.70+/-8.07 (age range: 61-95). When assessing race, participants identified as follows: 68% White, 23% Black or African American, 8% other race, and 1% American Indian or Alaska Native. Concerning ethnicity, 97% identified as Hispanic or Latino, while 3% did not regard themselves as such. When evaluating the cancer diagnoses provided, 27% of female participants had breast cancer and 7% had some form of gynecologic malignancy. Whereas, in males, 42% indicated a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Regarding concomitant comorbidities, 45% of participants had hypertension, 30% had diabetes mellitus, 18% had hypothyroidism, 15% had asthma, and 3% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing sex and prevalence of concomitant diabetes mellitus or hypertension (p=0.2125). There was also no statistically significant difference when assessing racial identity and presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus or hypertension (p=0.7373). Out of 91 participants who answered the health insurance inquiry, 82% possessed private insurance, 13% had public insurance, and 4% did not have insurance. There was no statistically significant difference when assessing private, public, or no health insurance status and the presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus or hypertension (p=0.9086). Conclusion(s): Data evidenced a diverse aging Puerto Rican cohort with cancer, showing a predominance in prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Analysis suggested that the presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus or hypertension in an aging population with cancer was not linked to sex or racial identity. Additionally, the type or lack of health insurance did not influence the prevalence of concomitant diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Characterizing the aging Hispanic population in Puerto Rico and the United States is important, as these studies could be beneficial in the future approach, understanding and treatment of this population with historically limited medical data available.
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While media attention has focused on the visceral brutality of police chokeholds, less noticed are the breath-taking effects of air pollution caused by the (in)actions of state agencies dedicated to environmental protection. To think through how race and racism are embedded in the processes that underlie the Anthropocene, I reframe three key terms of engagement to analyze with greater rigor contemporary criminal anthroposcenes (i.e. scenes constituted by the inextricable enmeshing of crime and anthropogenic climate change): (1) climate and weather, (2) bodies and environments, and (3) anestheticization. Shaping a racial geography of dirty air, a climate of anti-Blackness in the US has been quietly impacting the health and lives of African Americans for centuries, so that the deadly impact of viral outbreaks can merge with existing modes of spectacular and slow violence. From the murder of George Floyd to the establishment of sacrifice zones, the complexity and messiness of recent breath-taking scenes of injustice are formed and maintained by a dangerous mixture of racial apathy and racially-charged violence.
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OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health disparities among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) through increased exposure to racism. Although ethnic/racial identity (ERI) and mental health were associated among BIPOC young adults pre-pandemic, it is unclear how these associations may differ in the exacerbated hostile racial environment of the pandemic. The current study examined the associations between ERI exploration and commitment within the context of ethnic/racial discrimination (ERD) and race-related vigilance with psychological well-being and substance use as explained by rumination. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional online survey of 450 AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx young adults (18-25 years) collected in April 2020 included demographic variables, standardized measures of ERI, ERD, race-related vigilance, rumination brooding and reflection, substance use, and psychological well-being. RESULTS: Black respondents reported more exposure to ERD than AIAN and Asian young adults. ERI exploration and commitment were positively associated with well-being. ERI exploration, ERD, and rumination were associated with higher levels of substance use. An association between ERI exploration and more substance use and lower well-being was partially accounted for by higher levels of rumination. An association between ERI commitment and more substance use was fully accounted for by higher levels of rumination. CONCLUSIONS: Although ERI exploration and commitment were associated with better psychological well-being among BIPOC young adults, a significant association was found between ERI commitment and more substance use as explained by rumination. Public health efforts should cultivate culturally sensitive mental health services to decrease rumination and its negative association with substance use and well-being.
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SESSION TITLE: Sepsis: Beyond 30cc/kg and Antibiotics SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 11:15 am - 12:15 pm PURPOSE: Despite efforts for racial equality, racial disparities are evident in intensive care units. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Non-White patients have higher rates of sepsis, acute kidney injury, and overall mortality throughout different hospital settings. Mechanical ventilation is a common ICU intervention that has multiple associated complications. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) has been shown to have increased morbidity and resource utilization. In this study, we hypothesized that Non-White patients would experience PMV at higher rates than White patients. METHODS: The analysis cohort was filtered from de-identified administration registry containing inpatients admitted across a diverse five hospital health system between the years 2014 and 2021. Encounters coinciding with surges in COVID-19 were removed. The study group included discharged inpatients that were 18 years or older and experienced mechanical ventilation during their hospital stay. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) was defined as mechanical ventilation lasting 21 days or longer in accordance with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) definition. Univariate analysis was performed to compare characteristics and outcomes across racial identities. Multivariate logistic regression was completed regarding PMV allowing adjustment for confounding variables and assessment of the independent predictive value of racial identity. The analysis was deemed exempt from IRB review, and was performed using R in R-Studio, p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The compiled dataset resulted in 8917 mechanical ventilation cases. Of the 8917 cases, 338 patients experienced prolonged mechanical ventilation. The overall rate of PMV was 4%. There were 176/5987 (2.9%) White patients and 162/2930 (5.5%) Non-white patients that had prolonged mechanical ventilation (p<.001). Specifically for Black patients, logistic regression utilized all significant univariate variables confirmed the independent predictive value multivariate OR of 1.62. Additionally, Non-White patients with PMV had on average longer ICU length of stay and were less likely to be discharged to Hospice. CONCLUSIONS: There has been considerable research in identifying marginalized heath care of Non-white patients throughout the hospital. In the ICU, we looked to identify prolonged mechanical ventilation as it’s associated with numerous deleterious outcomes such as sepsis and delirium. A multihospital single system evaluation identified 338 cases of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Following data analysis, Non-White patients were nearly twice the risk of experiencing PMV as compared to White patients. Further investigation into the specific factors is still needed to reduce racial disparities in mechanical ventilation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Identification of racial disparities, rates of prolonged mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in the ICU. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by David Barbat No relevant relationships by Camden Gardner
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This essay asks how we are to think the ethics of Black Lives Matter protest amid conditions of contagion in the summer of 2020. It argues that the multitude instantiated in these events didn't simply tolerate the biomedical damage that could result from such proximity, but that it stakes a claim for the ethical virtue of exposure and vulnerability. That these viral commonwealths apprehend not exactly Covid itself, but the risk of infection, as a figure for the historicity of Blackness under the necropolitics of medical apartheid and social death. In order to stage this counterintuitive valorization of risk, the essay examines the barebacking and bug chasing subcultures that emerged during the late 1990s. These communities, too, sourced means of filiation, intimacy, and minoritized historicity from their identification with—and desire for—HIV. Thinking these movements together also allows an overdue retelling of AIDS activism through the intersectional lens of a contemporary queer diaspora.
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With the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, extensive restrictions on travel and migration effectively destroyed the global mobility of persons, while widespread supply chain disruptions meant that commodities were no longer as globally mobile. Drawing on this 2020 context, this article shows how 2020’s Black Lives Matter protests indicate the contours of what we might think of as a “post‐global” politics: that is, a movement that reflects a globally informed analysis but nonetheless draws only implicitly on ideas of global commonality. National movements affirm the unity of national space, but BLM insists on its very unevenness;internationalism seeks to forge communities across regions and nations, but BLM takes the unity and transportability of “Black” as a given;globalization discourse argues that the world is coming ever closer together, but BLM lays claim to no future unity. This article demonstrates this post‐global conceptualization through two of 2020’s most successful novels: Brit Bennett's The Vanishing Half and Charles Yu's Interior Chinatown. What, then, is the analytic value of worldwide comparisons for a post‐global movement? To answer this question, the US‐based BLM protests of 2020 are considered alongside Indian politics in the same period, both through the Indian farmers’ protests that began in late 2020 and through an analysis of a successful 2020 US novel about India, Megha Majumdar's A Burning. This novel was explicitly connected by US readers to BLM's critiques of state violence against minority populations, yet the book itself feels claustrophobically small. Through the combined analysis of these three recent literary successes, this article shows how a post‐global politics is reshaping US understandings of racialization.
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Statistical evidence from both countries document that this increased public scrutiny of POC, by police, repeatedly occurred in the absence of substantiated criminal activity (Delsol and Shiner, 2015;White and Fradella, 2016) [8], and in the US, was ultimately deemed by state and federal authorities to have produced persistent constitutional violations [9]. According to reports and statistical data released by the New York City Police Department (NYPD), from 1994 to 2000, the deployment of BWP led to unprecedented reductions in crime and substantial improvement in the quality of life experienced by New Yorkers across varying social strata (Bratton and Knobler, 1998;Zimring, 2011) [10]. Though George Floyd was killed in the United States, the papers in this special issue help build our understanding of how intersecting global social dynamics both, internal and external to police agencies, lead to and can lead away from the next incident that will fuel serious calls for sweeping change to the policing profession. In the US, there are no reports of serious police violence against the protestors associated with the Coronavirus protests, but investigations have revealed considerable complaints of police use of force against individuals who engaged in peaceful protests against the killing of Black men, women and children (Amnesty International, 2020) – deaths that extended back several years and with perpetrators that included police officers and civilians claiming to act in a law enforcement capacity [19].
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Introduction: Young adults, particularly those with histories of interpersonal trauma or stress, are more likely to experience to adverse psychosocial outcomes (e.g., depression) during the COVID- 19 pandemic, compared to those without these histories. However, few studies have examined sleep and most rely on retrospectivelyreported pre-pandemic experiences. We tested whether prepandemic trauma and stress were prospectively related to worse ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-reported sleep during the pandemic. Methods: The sample includes 114 regular drinkers aged 21-30 years from two ongoing studies of alcohol use and sleep who completed a shared assessment battery and a 10-17-day EMA protocol before and during the pandemic (conducted July- November 2020;M=13.9 months after baseline). Participants reported past-month perceived stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale) and interpersonal traumas (e.g., abuse, conflict), via scores on the Current Partner and Personal (persons other than spouse/ partner) subscales of the Difficult Life Circumstances Scale. The EMA protocol measured daily sleep (total sleep time [TST];sleep efficiency [SE]), relational stress (1-5 ratings for family, spouse/ partner, friends), and alcohol use. Paired t-tests compared prepandemic vs. pandemic sleep. Separate linear regressions tested associations between pre-pandemic trauma and stress with average pandemic TST and SE, adjusted for baseline age and sleep, racial identity, assigned sex at birth, time between assessments, and drinking days (averaged across timepoints). Results: Participants were on average 23.8 years old (61% female;7% Asian;39% Black;1.8% Mixed race;0.9% Other race;0.9% Pacific Islander;55% White). Average TST increased from baseline to pandemic (7.5 vs. 7.8;t(113)=-2.57, p=.01);no change was observed in SE (95% vs. 94%;t(113)=1.01, p=.31). Pre-pandemic perceived stress (B[SE]=-.003[.001], p=.02) and average EMAreported family stress (B[SE]=-.04[.02], p=.05) predicted worse pandemic SE. No associations emerged with friend or partner stress, trauma, or TST (ps>.11). Conclusion: Pre-pandemic perceived stress (but not trauma nor relational stress) predicted worse sleep during the pandemic. Perceived stress reflects feeling overwhelmed and difficulty coping, which is relevant given dramatic pandemic-related impacts on daily life. The overall accumulation of stress, versus day-to-day stress in specific relationships, may be most detrimental for sleep during the pandemic. Perceived stress is amenable to evidence-based (and remotely-delivered) interventions, including mindfulness-based stress reduction.
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This essay explores how women scholars grapple with gender and racial inequality during a syndemic. Using a culturally comparative lens, two mother-scholars, one Afro-Boricua who identifies as Black and the other Thai who identifies as Asian, examine this topic through a comparative international womanist theoretical framework. This discussion provides a brief overview of the challenges faculty women of color have faced around the world in contemporary history. It also interrogates how the professional identities of these scholars inform their teaching, scholarship, and personal lives during a period fraught with anti-Blackness and anti-Asian hostility, gender bias, familial demands, and heightened fear and isolation. Through counter-narratives, their lived experiences are placed into a global context and insightful comparisons spotlight specific challenges that uniquely converge for women of color in the academy. This analytical discussion reflects trends in the field of comparative education by examining the impact of gender and racial discrimination on women scholars of color within political, economic, social, and cultural landscapes.
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Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a social movement. The video recording of the death of George Floyd represented a collective Encounter that spread across the United States and the globe via various social media platforms with startling immediacy. In this manuscript, the authors apply Nigrescence theory to the BLM protests of 2020. We argue that Nigrescence theory provides a framework to understand catalysts to individual and collective activism and the progression of a social movement. In the current analysis, Immersion-Emersion is demonstrated citing the types of social and organizational changes initiated by groups, companies, and institutions. The movement is ongoing;thus, evidence of Internalization as well as Internalization-Commitment is missing. However, published objectives make clear the movement’s vision and commitments. Although it centers race, when combined with the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, BLM has uncovered the need for change related to social class as well as race and an immediate challenge for the BLM leadership is their ability to address this intersectional phenomenon.
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[...]processes are not benign. Since the inception of this editorial project, innumerable manifestations occurred, from the global reach of COVID-19 and its reproduction of hyper-marginalization to the racial brutalities and organizing that took place across the world in the summer of2020. Through an analysis of human rights imagery and discourse, Hesford (2011) reveals productive capacities of 'the spectacle,' which often reify unequal power dynamics on national and international levels, racial schemas, and empower carceral institutions at the expense of the actual lived experiences of communities marginalized across different axes of identity. Noble then goes on to suggest that mass media coverage of the Trayvon Martin case transformed the tragic murder and subsequent racial justice organizing for Black lives into "commodities - stories for consumption, including the way in which their stories proliferated and were consumed" (p. 14). Ever-mushrooming events of racialized spectacle, and spectacular racialization, lead societies to question if and when liberation follows. [...]liberation is a word in transition - a noun defined only through reference to the process of setting something else free.
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought health and social disparities to the fore, and intensified bias and racism in the U.S. and globally. In the context of discriminatory rhetoric and anti-Asian sentiments voiced by prominent political figures, Asian Americans have been disproportionately targeted with injustice, scapegoating, and overt racism. Amid heightened sociocultural stress and national divisiveness, the present study explored whether "silver linings" might be found in the form of increased ethnic-racial identity exploration, ethnic-racial socialization, and civic engagement. Survey data from 200 Asian American parents of adolescents (58% mothers;63% foreign born, 37% U.S. born) suggest that awareness of discrimination against Asian Americans post-COVID-19 was associated with greater identity exploration and fewer socialization messages that minimize the importance of race. Awareness of discrimination against other minoritized groups (i.e., Native and Black Americans, Latinxs) was associated with greater post-COVID-19 activism. Additional socialization messages (i.e., promotion of equality, cultural pluralism) were associated with lifetime discrimination experiences and parent gender. Although negative consequences of the pandemic are indisputable, our results offer a small glimmer of hope in terms of building resistance and momentum. What is the public significance of this article? In the face of ethnic-racial bias and racism post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Asian American parents of adolescents explore their ethnic-racial identities, communicate positive ethnic-racial socialization messages to their children, and engage in community activism. Although negative consequences of the pandemic are indisputable, there do appear to be "silver linings" that can build resistance and civic engagement.
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The study of multiracial people in the United States has typically focused on the experiences of Black–White racially-mixed individuals. In this article, we review and analyze the theoretical and evidence base for the White-leaning characterization of Asian–White multiracials. Historically, Asian Americans have been positioned as a “racial middle” group in relation to White and Black Americans. In line with this perceived racial position, Asian–White multiracials have been generally characterized as being more White than Black–White multiracials, as well as “leaning White” in terms of self-identification. While there is growing recognition of the variability of experiences among Black–White multiracials, the depiction of Asian multiracials as White-leaning—though based on limited empirical evidence—continues to be prominent, revealing the tendency to view Asian–White individuals through a “White racial frame.” The racial identifications and experiences of Asian–White multiracials are far more complex than such a view suggests. We argue for the need to advance studies on Asian mixed-race people to accurately capture their racial positioning within a system of White supremacy, including the diversity of their identifications, political views, and racialized experiences.